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Design and Rationale of the HAPIN Study: A Multicountry Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Effect of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Stove and Continuous Fuel Distribution.
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- Author(s): Clasen, Thomas1 ; Checkley, William2; Peel, Jennifer L.3; Balakrishnan, Kalpana4; McCracken, John P.5; Rosa, Ghislaine6; Thompson, Lisa M.7; Boyd Barr, Dana1; Clark, Maggie L.3; Johnson, Michael A.8; Waller, Lance A.9; Jaacks, Lindsay M.10; Steenland, Kyle1; Miranda, J. Jaime11; Chang, Howard H.9; Dong-Yun Kim12; McCollum, Eric D.13; Davila-Roman, Victor G.14; Papageorghiou, Aris15; Rosenthal, Joshua P.16
- Source:
Environmental Health Perspectives. Apr2020, Vol. 128 Issue 4, p047008-1-047008-11. 11p.- Subject Terms:
*Indoor air pollution prevention; *Biomarkers; *Carbon monoxide; *Gases; *Indoor air pollution; *Petroleum; *World health; Cooking equipment; Aerodynamics; Age distribution; Low birth weight; Blood pressure measurement; Comparative studies; Statistical correlation; Growth disorders; Heating; Household supplies; Evaluation of medical care; Mothers; Pneumonia; Pregnancy; Pregnant women; Regression analysis; Research funding; Statistical sampling; Statistics; Data analysis; Randomized controlled trials; Descriptive statistics; Middle-income countries; Low-income countries - Source:
- Additional Information
- Subject Terms:
- Abstract: BACKGROUND: Globally, nearly 3 billion people rely on solid fuels for cooking and heating, the vast majority residing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The resulting household air pollution (HAP) is a leading environmental risk factor, accounting for an estimated 1.6 million premature deaths annually. Previous interventions of cleaner stoves have often failed to reduce exposure to levels that produce meaningful health improvements. There have been no multicountry field trials with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stoves, likely the cleanest scalable intervention. OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the design and methods of an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) of LPG stove and fuel distribution in 3,200 households in 4 LMICs (India, Guatemala, Peru, and Rwanda). METHODS: We are enrolling 800 pregnant women at each of the 4 international research centers from households using biomass fuels. We are randomly assigning households to receive LPG stoves, an 18-month supply of free LPG, and behavioral reinforcements to the control arm. The mother is being followed along with her child until the child is 1 year old. Older adult women (40 to <80 years of age) living in the same households are also enrolled and followed during the same period. Primary health outcomes are low birth weight, severe pneumonia incidence, stunting in the child, and high blood pressure (BP) in the older adult woman. Secondary health outcomes are also being assessed. We are assessing stove and fuel use, conducting repeated personal and kitchen exposure assessments of fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter =2.5 ηm (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), and black carbon (BC), and collecting dried blood spots (DBS) and urinary samples for biomarker analysis. Enrollment and data collection began in May 2018 and will continue through August 2021. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02944682). CONCLUSIONS: This study will provide evidence to inform national and global policies on scaling up LPG stove use among vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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