Utilizarea raţională a antibioticelor.

Rational use of antibiotics.

Antibiotics, in the broad sense of the word, are drugs that exhibit selective toxicity to certain bacteria. Because of this property, only bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics, not the macroorganism. Although they have selective toxicity against bacteria, antibiotics can also produce side effects in the macroorganism. In general, each antibiotic has certain target organs of its toxicity. There is no antibiotic that is toxic to all organs. The most typical adverse reactions of antibiotics are dysmicrobisms, which occur especially when taking broad-spectrum antibiotics, orally. For an antibiotic to be effective in the treatment of an infectious disease, it is necessary that the diseasecausing microbe is susceptible to the antibiotic, and that antibiotic penetrates and produces active concentrations at the site of the infection. To avoid systemic adverse reactions, it is important that the target organs of antibiotic toxicity not to be already ill to the patient. In order to avoid dysmicrobrobisms, a narrow spectrum antibiotic is preferred. With some notorious exceptions, the prophylactic antibiotic treatment is not recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibioticele, în sensul larg la cuvântului, sunt medicamente care prezintă toxicitate selectivă faţă de anumite bacterii. Datorită acestei proprietăţi, numai bacteriile pot deveni rezistente la antibiotice, nu şi macroorganismul. Deşi au toxicitate selectivă faţă de bacterii, antibioticele pot produce şi reacţii adverse la nivelul macroorganismului. În general, fiecare antibiotic prezintă anumite organe-ţintă ale toxicităţii lui. Nu există niciun antibiotic care să fie toxic pentru toate organele. Cele mai caracteristice reacţii adverse ale antibioticelor sunt dismicrobismele care apar, în special, când se administrează antibiotice cu spectru larg, pe cale orală. Pentru ca un antibiotic să fie eficace în tratamentul unei boli infecţioase este necesar ca microbul cauzator al bolii să fie sensibil la antibioticul respectiv, iar acel antibiotic să pătrundă şi să realizeze concentraţii active la locul infecţiei. Pentru a se evita reacţiile adverse sistemice este bine ca organele-ţintă ale toxicităţii antibioticului să nu fie deja bolnave la pacientul respectiv. Pentru a se evita dismicrobismele este de preferat un antibiotic cu spectru îngust. Cu unele excepţii de notorietate, tratamentul profilactic cu antibiotice nu este recomandat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Farmacist.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)