THE SUPPORT OR ADVOCACY CLAUSE OF § 1985(3).

The article argues that the legislative history and early application of the Support and Advocacy Clause validate its present-day use by voting rights advocates in the U.S. Topics include the role of Support or Advocacy Clause in protecting voting rights; history of the clause, including legislative debates and early judicial applications, to clarify why a robust interpretation of the clause is appropriate; and the application of the same by lower courts.