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Visual search in ADHD, ASD and ASD + ADHD: overlapping or dissociating disorders?
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- Author(s): Seernani, D.1; Damania, K.2; Ioannou, C.1; Penkalla, N.1; Hill, H.3; Foulsham, T.4; Kingstone, A.5; Anderson, N.5; Boccignone, G.6; Bender, S.7; Smyrnis, N.8; Biscaldi, M.1; Ebner-Priemer, U.2; Klein, Christoph1,7,8
- Source:
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Apr2021, Vol. 30 Issue 4, p549-562. 14p. 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 2 Graphs.- Subject Terms:
- Source:
- Additional Information
- Abstract: Recent debates in the literature discuss commonalities between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at multiple levels of putative causal networks. This debate requires systematic comparisons between these disorders that have been studied in isolation in the past, employing potential markers of each disorder to be investigated in tandem. The present study, choose superior local processing, typical to ASD, and increased Intra-Subject Variability (ISV), typical to ADHD, for a head-to-head comparison of the two disorders, while also considering the comorbid cases. It directly examined groups of participants aged 10–13 years with ADHD, ASD with (ASD+) or without (ASD−) comorbid ADHD and a typically developing (TD) group (total N = 85). A visual search task consisting of an array of paired words was designed. The participants needed to find the specific pair of words, where the first word in the pair was the cue word. This visual search task was selected to compare these groups on overall search performance and trial-to-trial variability of search performance (i.e., ISV). Additionally, scanpath analysis was also carried out using Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) and the Multi-Match Model. Results show that only the ASD− group exhibited superior search performance; whereas, only the groups with ADHD symptoms showed increased ISV. These findings point towards a double dissociation between ASD and ADHD, and argue against an overlap between ASD and ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Copyright of European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Abstract:
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