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The Effects of Parental Education and Family Income on Mother-Child Relationships, Father-Child Relationships, and Family Environments in the People's Republic of China.
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- Author(s): Zhang, Xiao (AUTHOR)
- Source:
Family Process. Dec2012, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p483-497. 15p. 5 Charts. - Source:
- Additional Information
- Subject Terms:
- Subject Terms:
- Abstract: Using a cross-sectional design with 407 Chinese children aged 3-5 years and their parents, this study examined the effects of socioeconomic status, specifically parents' education and family income, on the children's mother-child relationships, father-child relationships, and the social environment in their families. The results indicated that income negatively predicted conflict in father-child relationships and positively predicted family active-recreational environments. Income also positively predicted family cohesion among girls but not boys. Maternal education negatively predicted conflict in mother-child relationships and positively predicted closeness in mother-child and father-child relationships, family cohesion, and the intellectual-cultural and active-recreational environments in the family. Paternal education positively predicted family cohesion and intellectual-cultural and active-recreational environments. Income was found to partially mediate the effects of both maternal and paternal education on family active-recreational environments. Findings are discussed in the frameworks of the family stress model and the family investment model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Resumen Utilizando un modelo transversal con 407 niños chinos de entre 3 y 5 años y sus padres, el presente estudio analizó los efectos que tiene la situación socioeconómica, específicamente la educación de los padres y los ingresos familiares, en las relaciones madre-hijo y padre-hijo de dichos niños así como en el entorno social de sus familias. Los resultados indicaron que los ingresos predijeron negativamente el conflicto en las relaciones padre-hijo y predijeron positivamente un entorno familiar activo-recreativo. Los ingresos también predijeron positivamente la unidad familiar entre las niñas pero no entre los niños. La educación de las madres predijo negativamente el conflicto en las relaciones madre-hijo y predijo positivamente la cercanía en las relaciones madre-hijo y padre-hijo, la unidad familiar y el entorno intelectual-cultural y activo-recreativo en la familia. La educación de los padres predijo positivamente la unidad familiar y el entorno intelectual-cultural y activo-recreativo. Los ingresos mediaron parcialmente los efectos de la educación tanto materna como paterna en el entorno familiar activo-recreativo. Se debaten los resultados dentro de los marcos del modelo de estrés familiar y el modelo de inversión familiar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: 摘要 本研究针对407名3至5岁的中国儿童及其家长以横断设计考察了社会经济状况,尤其是家长教育和家庭收入对家庭中儿童的母子关系、父子关系和社会环境的影响。结果显示,收入负面预测父子关系中的冲突,但正面预测家庭主动娱乐环境。收入还正面预测女童而非男童之间的家庭凝聚力。母亲的教育负面预测母子关系中的冲突,但正面预测家庭中的母子和父子关系亲密度、家庭凝聚力以及智能-文化和主动娱乐环境。父亲的教育正面预测家庭凝聚力和智能-文化与主动娱乐环境。研究发现,收入部分协调母方和父方教育对家庭主动娱乐环境的影响。本文从家庭压力模式和家庭投入模式框架对研究发现进行了讨论。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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