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Do discrimination, residential school attendance and cultural disruption add to individual-level diabetes risk among Aboriginal people in Canada?
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- Author(s): Dyck RF;Dyck RF;Dyck RF;Dyck RF; Karunanayake C; Karunanayake C; Janzen B; Janzen B; Lawson J; Lawson J; Ramsden VR; Ramsden VR; Rennie DC; Rennie DC; Gardipy PJ; Gardipy PJ; McCallum L; McCallum L; Abonyi S; Abonyi S; Dosman JA; Dosman JA; Episkenew JA; Episkenew JA; Pahwa P; Pahwa P; Pahwa P
- Source:
BMC public health [BMC Public Health] 2015 Dec 09; Vol. 15, pp. 1222. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Dec 09.- Publication Type:
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't- Language:
English - Source:
- Additional Information
- Corporate Authors:
- Source: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968562 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2458 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712458 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE
- Publication Information: Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-
- Subject Terms: Culture* ; Indians, North American*/psychology ; Racism* ; Schools* ; Social Determinants of Health*; Diabetes Mellitus/*ethnology; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Canada/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data ; Risk Factors ; Saskatchewan ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Young Adult
- Abstract: Background: Aboriginal peoples in Canada (First Nations, Metis and Inuit) are experiencing an epidemic of diabetes and its complications but little is known about the influence of factors attributed to colonization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible role of discrimination, residential school attendance and cultural disruption on diabetes occurrence among First Nations adults.
Methods: This 2012/13 cross sectional survey was conducted in two Saskatchewan First Nations communities comprising 580 households and 1570 adults. In addition to self-reported diabetes, interviewer-administered questionnaires collected information on possible diabetes determinants including widely recognized (e.g. age, sex, lifestyle, social determinants) and colonization-related factors. Clustering effect within households was adjusted using Generalized Estimating Equations.
Results: Responses were obtained from 874 (55.7 %) men and women aged 18 and older living in 406 (70.0 %) households. Diabetes prevalence was 15.8 % among women and 9.7 % among men. In the final models, increasing age and adiposity were significant risk factors for diabetes (e.g. OR 8.72 [95 % CI 4.62; 16.46] for those 50+, and OR 8.97 [95 % CI 3.58; 22.52] for BMI 30+) as was spending most time on-reserve. Residential school attendance and cultural disruption were not predictive of diabetes at an individual level but those experiencing the most discrimination had a lower prevalence of diabetes compared to those who experienced little discrimination (2.4 % versus 13.6 %; OR 0.11 [95 % CI 0.02; 0.50]). Those experiencing the most discrimination were significantly more likely to be married and to have higher incomes.
Conclusions: Known diabetes risk factors were important determinants of diabetes among First Nations people, but residential school attendance and cultural disruption were not predictive of diabetes on an individual level. In contrast, those experiencing the highest levels of discrimination had a low prevalence of diabetes. Although the reasons underlying this latter finding are unclear, it appears to relate to increased engagement with society off-reserve which may lead to an improvement in the social determinants of health. While this may have physical health benefits for First Nations people due to improved socio-economic status and other undefined influences, our findings suggest that this comes at a high emotional price. - References: Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2010 Oct;16(4):507-16. (PMID: 21058814)
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Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011 May;92(2):272-9. (PMID: 21376415) - Grant Information: MOP-246983-ABH-CCAA-11829 Canada Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Contributed Indexing: Investigator: J Dosman; P Pahwa; JA Episkenew; S Abonyi; M Fenton; J Gordon; B Janzen; C Karunanayake; M King; S Kirychuk; N Koehncke; J Lawson; G Marchildon; L McBain; D Rennie; VR Ramsden; A Senthilselvan; A Zarzeczny; L Hagel; B Davis; J Dosman; R Dyck; T Smith-Windsor; W Albritton; J Smylie; K McMullin; J Seeseequasis; P Gardipy; C Scott; L Jimmy; L McCallum; J Nelson
- Publication Date: Date Created: 20151215 Date Completed: 20160711 Latest Revision: 20220330
- Publication Date: 20240104
- Accession Number: PMC4675031
- Accession Number: 10.1186/s12889-015-2551-2
- Accession Number: 26651995
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