Immune responses in stroke: how the immune system contributes to damage and healing after stroke and how this knowledge could be translated to better cures?

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    • Source:
      Publisher: Blackwell Scientific Publications Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0374672 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-2567 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00192805 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Immunology Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications
    • Subject Terms:
    • Abstract:
      Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The long-standing dogma that stroke is exclusively a vascular disease has been questioned by extensive clinical findings of immune factors that are associated mostly with inflammation after stroke. These have been confirmed in preclinical studies using experimental animal models. It is now accepted that inflammation and immune mediators are critical in acute and long-term neuronal tissue damage and healing following thrombotic and ischaemic stroke. Despite mounting information delineating the role of the immune system in stroke, the mechanisms of how inflammatory cells and their mediators are involved in stroke-induced neuroinflammation are still not fully understood. Currently, there is no available treatment for targeting the acute immune response that develops in the brain during cerebral ischaemia. No new treatment has been introduced to stroke therapy since the discovery of tissue plasminogen activator therapy in 1996. Here, we review current knowledge of the immunity of stroke and identify critical gaps that hinder current therapies. We will discuss advances in the understanding of the complex innate and adaptive immune responses in stroke; mechanisms of immune cell-mediated and factor-mediated vascular and tissue injury; immunity-induced tissue repair; and the importance of modulating immunity in stroke.
      (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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    • Grant Information:
      R01 NS103506 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS; R56 NS092400 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS; T32 GM007507 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS; R01 HL128778 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS; R01 NS076946 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: cytokines; inflammation; neuroinflammation
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20180302 Date Completed: 20190529 Latest Revision: 20210903
    • Publication Date:
      20240104
    • Accession Number:
      PMC6002204
    • Accession Number:
      10.1111/imm.12918
    • Accession Number:
      29494762