Clinical manifestations in infants and children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science

Mycoplasma pneumoniae*; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/*epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/*physiopathology; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coinfection ; Denmark ; Endemic Diseases ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies

Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in older children. Pulmonary and extra-pulmonary symptoms associated with M. pneumoniae infection are reported. M. pneumoniae is mainly epidemic in Denmark with the recurrence every 4-7th year.
Aims: Retrospectively, to describe the epidemiology and clinical features, in infants and children, during the M. pneumoniae epidemic in 2010 and 2011.
Methods: All children under the age of 16 that were tested for M. pneumoniae during the period 01.02.2010-31.01.2012 were included. Medical charts, as well as radiological findings, were reviewed for all children with M. pneumoniae. A post-hoc analysis of viral co-infections was done on part of the cohort.
Results: 134 of 746 children were tested positive for M. pneumoniae by PCR or serology. Positive tests were found in 65% of children seven years and older, in 30% of 2-6-year-olds and 4% of infants (less than two years of age). Viral co-infection was found in 27% of the tested samples. The clinical presentation was a cough, asthma-like symptoms and low-grade fever. Extra-pulmonary symptoms were common and presented as nausea/vomiting by 33% of the children and skin manifestations by 25%. 84% of the children had a chest x-ray taken, and there were positive radiological findings in 94% of these.
Conclusion: M. pneumoniae also affected infants and young children and symptoms were similar to infections with respiratory viruses, but severe LRTI were also seen. During an up-coming epidemic, assessment of extra-pulmonary manifestations can be helpful when diagnosing M. pneumoniae infections.

Ugeskr Laeger. 1967 Sep 28;129(39):1253-8. (PMID: 4299986)
Lancet Respir Med. 2016 Jan;4(1):19-26. (PMID: 26704020)
Lancet. 2011 Mar 19;377(9770):1011-8. (PMID: 21411136)
Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003 Oct;36(4):267-78. (PMID: 12950038)
Euro Surveill. 2012 Feb 02;17(5):. (PMID: 22321137)
Ugeskr Laeger. 1967 Sep 28;129(39):1259-65. (PMID: 4299987)
Pediatrics. 2015 Aug;136(2):e386-94. (PMID: 26216320)
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017 Oct;36(10):930-936. (PMID: 28471864)
Ugeskr Laeger. 2002 Mar 25;164(13):1805-9. (PMID: 11957438)
J Infect. 2014 Nov;69 Suppl 1:S42-6. (PMID: 25267596)
Dan Med J. 2013 May;60(5):A4632. (PMID: 23673264)
Euro Surveill. 2012 Feb 09;17(6):. (PMID: 22340973)
Thorax. 2011 Oct;66 Suppl 2:ii1-23. (PMID: 21903691)
J Paediatr Child Health. 2005 Dec;41(12):671-6. (PMID: 16398873)
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2016 Mar;35(3):e69-75. (PMID: 26599568)
Lancet Respir Med. 2016 Mar;4(3):e8-9. (PMID: 26973163)
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jan 08;1:CD004875. (PMID: 25566754)
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Sep 12;(9):CD004875. (PMID: 22972079)
Respirology. 2004 Mar;9(1):109-14. (PMID: 14982611)
J Emerg Med. 2011 Mar;40(3):324-7. (PMID: 18614318)
Hippokratia. 2011 Apr;15(2):147-52. (PMID: 22110297)
Ugeskr Laeger. 2012 Mar 12;174(11):730-1. (PMID: 22409896)
Euro Surveill. 2012 Mar 08;17(10):. (PMID: 22433597)
PLoS Med. 2013;10(5):e1001444. (PMID: 23690754)
J Pediatr. 1971 Mar;78(3):397-406. (PMID: 5101436)

Date Created: 20180427 Date Completed: 20180731 Latest Revision: 20240324

20240324

PMC5919654

10.1371/journal.pone.0195288

29698412