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The arginase inhibitor Nω-hydroxy-nor-arginine (nor-NOHA) induces apoptosis in leukemic cells specifically under hypoxic conditions but CRISPR/Cas9 excludes arginase 2 (ARG2) as the functional target.
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- Author(s): Ng KP;Ng KP; Manjeri A; Manjeri A; Lee LM; Lee LM; Chan ZE; Chan ZE; Tan CY; Tan CY; Tan QD; Tan QD; Majeed A; Majeed A; Lee KL; Lee KL; Lee KL; Chuah C; Chuah C; Chuah C; Suda T; Suda T; Suda T; Ong ST; Ong ST; Ong ST; Ong ST; Ong ST
- Source:
PloS one [PLoS One] 2018 Oct 11; Vol. 13 (10), pp. e0205254. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Oct 11 (Print Publication: 2018).- Publication Type:
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't- Language:
English - Source:
- Additional Information
- Source: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE
- Publication Information: Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science
- Subject Terms: Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology ; Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Arginase/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Arginine/*analogs & derivatives ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/*drug therapy; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Arginase/genetics ; Arginase/metabolism ; Arginine/pharmacology ; Arginine/therapeutic use ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Enzyme Assays ; Feasibility Studies ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology ; Primary Cell Culture ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Abstract: Cancer cells, including in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), depend on the hypoxic response to persist in hosts and evade therapy. Accordingly, there is significant interest in drugging cancer-specific hypoxic responses. However, a major challenge in leukemia is identifying differential and druggable hypoxic responses between leukemic and normal cells. Previously, we found that arginase 2 (ARG2), an enzyme of the urea cycle, is overexpressed in CML but not normal progenitors. ARG2 is a target of the hypoxia inducible factors (HIF1-α and HIF2-α), and is required for the generation of polyamines which are required for cell growth. We therefore explored if the clinically-tested arginase inhibitor Nω-hydroxy-nor-arginine (nor-NOHA) would be effective against leukemic cells under hypoxic conditions. Remarkably, nor-NOHA effectively induced apoptosis in ARG2-expressing cells under hypoxia but not normoxia. Co-treatment with nor-NOHA overcame hypoxia-mediated resistance towards BCR-ABL1 kinase inhibitors. While nor-NOHA itself is promising in targeting the leukemia hypoxic response, we unexpectedly found that its anti-leukemic activity was independent of ARG2 inhibition. Genetic ablation of ARG2 using CRISPR/Cas9 had no effect on the viability of leukemic cells and their sensitivity towards nor-NOHA. This discrepancy was further evidenced by the distinct effects of ARG2 knockouts and nor-NOHA on cellular respiration. In conclusion, we show that nor-NOHA has significant but off-target anti-leukemic activity among ARG2-expressing hypoxic cells. Since nor-NOHA has been employed in clinical trials, and is widely used in studies on endothelial dysfunction, immunosuppression and metabolism, the diverse biological effects of nor-NOHA must be cautiously evaluated before attributing its activity to ARG inhibition.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Oct 22;110(43):17570-5. (PMID: 24101470) - Accession Number: 0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
0 (N(omega)-hydroxynorarginine)
0 (RNA, Small Interfering)
94ZLA3W45F (Arginine)
EC 3.5.3.1 (ARG2 protein, human)
EC 3.5.3.1 (Arginase) - Publication Date: Date Created: 20181012 Date Completed: 20190320 Latest Revision: 20210405
- Publication Date: 20240104
- Accession Number: PMC6181325
- Accession Number: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205254
- Accession Number: 30307989
- Source:
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