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Time trends in healthy lifestyle among adults in Germany: Results from three national health interview and examination surveys between 1990 and 2011.
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- Author(s): Finger JD;Finger JD; Busch MA; Busch MA; Heidemann C; Heidemann C; Lange C; Lange C; Mensink GBM; Mensink GBM; Schienkiewitz A; Schienkiewitz A
- Source:
PloS one [PLoS One] 2019 Sep 09; Vol. 14 (9), pp. e0222218. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Sep 09 (Print Publication: 2019).- Publication Type:
Journal Article- Language:
English - Source:
- Additional Information
- Source: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE
- Publication Information: Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science
- Subject Terms: Diet* ; Exercise* ; Health Behavior* ; Healthy Lifestyle* ; Smoking*; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Germany ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sex Factors
- Abstract: Background: The combined impact of multiple healthy behaviors on health exceeds that of single behaviors. This study aimed to estimate trends in the prevalence of a healthy lifestyle among adults in Germany.
Methods: A data set of 18,058 adults aged 25-69 years from three population-based national health examination surveys 1990-92, 1997-99 and 2008-11 with complete information for five healthy behavior factors was used. A 'daily intake of both fruits and vegetables, 'sufficient physical exercise', 'no current smoking' and 'no current risk drinking' were assessed with self-reports and 'normal body weight' was calculated based on measured body weight and height. A dichotomous 'healthy lifestyle' indicator was defined as meeting at least four out of five healthy behaviors. Age-standardized prevalence was calculated stratified by sex, age groups (25-34, 35-44, 45-54 and 55-69 years) and education level (low, medium and high). Trends were expressed in relative change (RC) between 1990-92 and 2008-11.
Results: In Germany, the overall prevalence of healthy lifestyle increased from 9.3% in 1990-92 to 13.5% in 1997-99 and to 14.7% in 2008-11 (RC: +58.1%). The prevalence increased among men and women and in all age groups, with the exception of men aged 45-54 years. The RC of increasing healthy lifestyle prevalence between 1990-92 and 2008-11 was stronger albeit on a higher level among women compared to men. Therefore, the gender difference in healthy lifestyle has increased, but age-related differences have overall decreased in this period. Among high educated men the prevalence of a healthy lifestyle increased between 1990-92 and 2008-11 from 10.6% to 16.3% (p = 0.01) and among high educated women from 16.4% to 30.3% and also among medium educated women (10.9 to 16.6, p<0.01), but no significant increase in healthy lifestyle prevalence was observed among men with low and medium education and among women with low education level.
Conclusions: The prevalence of a lifestyle with at least four out of five healthy behaviors markedly increased from 1990-92 to 2008-11. Nevertheless, additional health promotion interventions are needed to improve the number of combined healthy behavior factors and the awareness in the population that each additional healthy behavior factor leads to a further improvement in health, especially in men in the age-range 45 to 54 years, and among persons with low education level.
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- Publication Date: 20240105
- Accession Number: PMC6733449
- Accession Number: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222218
- Accession Number: 31498839
- Source:
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