Avermectin induces the oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and immunological responses in the Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science
    • Subject Terms:
      Oxidative Stress* ; Phagocytosis*; Brachyura/*drug effects ; Ivermectin/*analogs & derivatives ; Mutagens/*toxicity; Animals ; Aquaculture ; Brachyura/metabolism ; Ivermectin/toxicity ; Protein Carbonylation
    • Abstract:
      Avermectin is commonly used in aquaculture systems for pest control in recent decades in China. However, no information is provided for the toxic effect to the important commercial species, Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. To investigate the aquatic toxicity of avermectin, an acute toxic test was performed in this study. The results showed that the 48 h- and 96 h- LC50 were 1.663 and 0.954 mg/L, respectively. For further research, crabs were exposed to sublethal concentrations of 0.03, 0.06, 0.12, 0.24 and 0.48 mg/L. Levels of antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly (P<0.05) decreased with dose- and time- dependent responses, meanwhile the oxidative products including malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and protein carbonyl in serum increased significantly (P<0.05) at concentrations of 0.24 and 0.48 mg/L throughout the experiment. A significant (P<0.05) increase of intracellular ROS and decrease of phagocytic activity was observed in high concentration groups, with dose- and time- dependent manners during the exposure. In addition, serious genetic damage was detected, for the significant increase (P<0.05) of both comet ratio and %DNA in tail at each concentration, and micronucleus (MN) frequency at concentrations of 0.12, 0.24 and 0.48 mg/L at 96 h. These results indicated that sublethal concentration exposure of avermectin had a prominent toxic effect on E. sinensis based on the oxidative stress induced by generated ROS, immunological activity inhibition and genotoxicity.
      Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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    • Accession Number:
      0 (Mutagens)
      70288-86-7 (Ivermectin)
      73989-17-0 (avermectin)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20191126 Date Completed: 20200316 Latest Revision: 20200316
    • Publication Date:
      20240104
    • Accession Number:
      PMC6876965
    • Accession Number:
      10.1371/journal.pone.0225171
    • Accession Number:
      31765405