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Crisis of confidence averted: Impairment of exercise economy and performance in elite race walkers by ketogenic low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diet is reproducible.
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- Author(s): Burke LM;Burke LM;Burke LM; Sharma AP; Sharma AP; Sharma AP; Heikura IA; Heikura IA; Heikura IA; Forbes SF; Forbes SF; Holloway M; Holloway M; McKay AKA; McKay AKA; McKay AKA; McKay AKA; Bone JL; Bone JL; Bone JL; Leckey JJ; Leckey JJ; Welvaert M; Welvaert M; Welvaert M; Ross ML; Ross ML; Ross ML
- Source:
PloS one [PLoS One] 2020 Jun 04; Vol. 15 (6), pp. e0234027. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jun 04 (Print Publication: 2020).- Publication Type:
Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't- Language:
English - Source:
- Additional Information
- Source: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE
- Publication Information: Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science
- Subject Terms:
- Abstract: Introduction: We repeated our study of intensified training on a ketogenic low-carbohydrate (CHO), high-fat diet (LCHF) in world-class endurance athletes, with further investigation of a "carryover" effect on performance after restoring CHO availability in comparison to high or periodised CHO diets.
Methods: After Baseline testing (10,000 m IAAF-sanctioned race, aerobic capacity and submaximal walking economy) elite male and female race walkers undertook 25 d supervised training and repeat testing (Adapt) on energy-matched diets: High CHO availability (8.6 g∙kg-1∙d-1 CHO, 2.1 g∙kg-1∙d-1 protein; 1.2 g∙kg-1∙d-1 fat) including CHO before/during/after workouts (HCHO, n = 8): similar macronutrient intake periodised within/between days to manipulate low and high CHO availability at various workouts (PCHO, n = 8); and LCHF (<50 g∙d-1 CHO; 78% energy as fat; 2.1 g∙kg-1∙d-1 protein; n = 10). After Adapt, all athletes resumed HCHO for 2.5 wk before a cohort (n = 19) completed a 20 km race.
Results: All groups increased VO2peak (ml∙kg-1∙min-1) at Adapt (p = 0.02, 95%CI: [0.35-2.74]). LCHF markedly increased whole-body fat oxidation (from 0.6 g∙min-1 to 1.3 g∙min-1), but also the oxygen cost of walking at race-relevant velocities. Differences in 10,000 m performance were clear and meaningful: HCHO improved by 4.8% or 134 s (95% CI: [207 to 62 s]; p < 0.001), with a trend for a faster time (2.2%, 61 s [-18 to +144 s]; p = 0.09) in PCHO. LCHF were slower by 2.3%, -86 s ([-18 to -144 s]; p < 0.001), with no evidence of superior "rebound" performance over 20 km after 2.5 wk of HCHO restoration and taper.
Conclusion: Our previous findings of impaired exercise economy and performance of sustained high-intensity race walking following keto-adaptation in elite competitors were repeated. Furthermore, there was no detectable benefit from undertaking an LCHF intervention as a periodised strategy before a 2.5-wk race preparation/taper with high CHO availability.
Trial Registration: Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12619000794101.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist - Comments: Erratum in: PLoS One. 2020 Jun 26;15(6):e0235592. (PMID: 32589685)
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- Publication Date: Date Created: 20200605 Date Completed: 20200821 Latest Revision: 20231111
- Publication Date: 20240104
- Accession Number: PMC7272074
- Accession Number: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234027
- Accession Number: 32497061
- Source:
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