Poor oral health conditions and cognitive decline: Studies in humans and rats.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science
    • Subject Terms:
      Oral Health*; Cognition Disorders/*etiology ; Periodontitis/*complications; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/etiology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/toxicity ; Animals ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis ; Causality ; Cerebral Cortex/chemistry ; China/epidemiology ; Cognition Disorders/epidemiology ; Comorbidity ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; DMF Index ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Hippocampus/chemistry ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/analysis ; Male ; Maze Learning ; Mental Status and Dementia Tests ; Middle Aged ; Peptide Fragments/toxicity ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontitis/epidemiology ; Periodontitis/etiology ; Periodontitis/physiopathology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Risk Factors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis
    • Abstract:
      Background: The relationship between poor oral health conditions and cognitive decline is unclear.
      Objective: To examine the association between oral health and cognition in humans and rats.
      Methods: In humans: a cross-sectional study was conducted. Cognitive levels were evaluated by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE); oral conditions were reflected by the number of missing index teeth, bleeding on probing, and probing pocket depth (PD). In rats: a ligature-induced (Lig) periodontitis model and Aβ25-35-induced model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) were established; tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein levels in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were detected.
      Results: MMSE scores for the number of missing index teeth ≥ 7 group were significantly lower than those in the ≤ 6 group. A negative relationship (correlation coefficient ρ = -0.310, P = 0.002) was observed between MMSE scores and number of missing index teeth. More missing index teeth and lower education levels were independent risk factors for cognitive decline. A negative relationship (correlation coefficient ρ = -0.214, P = 0.031) was observed between MMSE scores and average PD. TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the hippocampus of the Lig+AD group were significantly higher than those of the AD group. IL-1 and IL-6 levels in the cerebral cortex of the Lig+AD group were significantly higher than those of the AD group.
      Conclusion: Poor oral health conditions including more missing index teeth and higher average PD may be risk factors for cognitive decline. Periodontitis may increase inflammatory cytokines in rat models of AD.
      Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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    • Accession Number:
      0 (Amyloid beta-Peptides)
      0 (Interleukin-1)
      0 (Peptide Fragments)
      0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
      0 (amyloid beta-protein (25-35))
      9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20200703 Date Completed: 20200908 Latest Revision: 20200908
    • Publication Date:
      20240105
    • Accession Number:
      PMC7332063
    • Accession Number:
      10.1371/journal.pone.0234659
    • Accession Number:
      32614834