Impact of salt intake reduction on CVD mortality in Costa Rica: A scenario modelling study.

Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science

Diet, Sodium-Restricted*; Cardiovascular Diseases/*diet therapy ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*epidemiology ; Sodium, Dietary/*adverse effects; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Costa Rica/epidemiology ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the leading cause of death in Costa Rica and high blood pressure was associated with a mortality rate of 29% in 2018. The average household sodium intake in the country is also two times higher than the World Health Organization recommendation. The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of reducing salt intake on CVD mortality in Costa Rica using a scenario simulation model. The Preventable Risk Integrated ModEl (PRIME) was used to estimate the number of deaths that would be averted or delayed in the Costa Rican population by following the national and the international guidelines to reduce salt consumption, according to two scenarios: A) 46% reduction and B) 15% reduction, both at an energy intake of 2171 kcal. The scenarios estimated that between 4% and 13%, respectively, of deaths due to CVD would be prevented or postponed. The highest percentages of deaths prevented or postponed by type of CVD would be related to Coronary heart disease (39% and 38%, respectively), Hypertensive disease (32% and 33%, respectively), and Stroke (22% in both). The results demonstrate that reducing salt consumption could prevent or postpone an important number of deaths in Costa Rica. More support for existing policies and programs urges.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The founding sponsor had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results. Marie-Eve Labonté has received funding from the Fundación de la Universidad de Costa Rica para la Investigación through the IDRC project #108167 for providing training to the INCIENSA team about the use of PRIME. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and material.

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0 (Sodium, Dietary)

Date Created: 20210112 Date Completed: 20210611 Latest Revision: 20210611

20240105

PMC7802917

10.1371/journal.pone.0245388

33434241