Chromosome-level de novo genome assembly and whole-genome resequencing of the threatened species Acanthochlamys bracteata (Velloziaceae) provide insights into alpine plant divergence in a biodiversity hotspot.

Publisher: Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101465604 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1755-0998 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1755098X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mol Ecol Resour Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Oxford, England : Blackwell

Endangered Species* ; Genome*; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Chromosomes ; Humans ; Phylogeny

The Hengduan Mountains region is an important hotspot of alpine plant diversity and endemism. Acanthochlamys bracteata is a species of a threatened monotypic genus endemic to the Hengduan Mountains. In this study, we present a high-quality, chromosome-level reference genome for A. bracteata, constructed using long reads, short reads and Hi-C technology. We characterized its genetic diversity, population structure, demographic history and gene flow by resequencing individuals collected across its distribution. Comparative genomics analyses based on sequence information from single-copy orthologous genes revealed that A. bracteata and Dioscorea rotundata diverged ~104.5 million years ago. Whole-genome resequencing based on population genetic analysis revealed that the division of the 14 populations into 10 distinct clusters reflected geographical divergence, and three separate high levels of gene flow occurred sequentially between isolated populations of the Hengduan Mountains, a finding which is consistent with the turnover between ice ages and interglacial periods. Our findings indicate that Quaternary climatic changes played an important role in shaping the genetic structure and demographic trajectories of A. bracteata, and provide critical insights into the genetic status and evolutionary history of this poorly understood species, and possibly other alpine plants with a similar distribution. This study demonstrates the usefulness of population genomics for evaluating the effects of past climatic changes and identifying conservation units for the conservation and management of threatened species. Our high-quality genome represents a valuable resource for future studies of the underlying molecular mechanisms of adaptive evolution and provides insight for further comparative genomic analysis with other Velloziaceae species.
(© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

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2019HJ2096001006 Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China; 2019QZKK0502 Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) programme; 2020YFE0203200 China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Keywords: Acanthochlamys bracteata; Hi-C; gene flow; population genomics; threatened species

Date Created: 20211127 Date Completed: 20220406 Latest Revision: 20220406

20240104

10.1111/1755-0998.13562

34837470