Partial Replacement of High-Fat Diet with Beef Tallow Attenuates Dyslipidemia and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in db / db Mice.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9812512 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1557-7600 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1096620X NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Med Food Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Larchmont, NY : Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., c1998-
    • Subject Terms:
      Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/metabolism ; Dyslipidemias*/drug therapy ; Dyslipidemias*/metabolism; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Fats ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL
    • Abstract:
      High-fat diet (HFD) consumption is closely associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndromes (MetS), such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Therefore, the consumption of alternative and functional fatty acids to replace saturated fatty acids and/or trans -fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids has become an important dietary strategy for the prevention of MetS. Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids ( n -3) reduces various physiological complications, including CVDs, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and insulin resistance, related to inflammatory responses. In this study, we investigated the partial replacement effects of HFD with beef tallow (BT) on dyslipidemia and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in male db/db mice. The animals were grouped to one of four dietary intervention groups ( n  = 16 per group): (1) normal diet, (2) HFD, (3) HFD partially replaced with regular beef tallow (HFD+BT1), or (4) HFD partially replaced with beef tallow containing a relatively reduced omega-6 fatty acid ( n -6)/ n -3 ratio (HFD+BT2) than HFD+BT1. After 6 weeks of dietary intervention, 1 mg/kg of phosphate-buffered saline or tunicamycin (TM) was injected intraperitoneally. HFD+BT2 significantly suppressed the serum total cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels more than HFD and HFD+BT1, and triglyceride levels in the epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) were remarkably decreased. Mice that received HFD+BT2 had elevated protein expressions of phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK). Moreover, HFD+BT2 effectively inhibited ER stress in the liver and EAT. Consistent with our hypothesis, HFD+BT2 remarkably alleviated dyslipidemia and TM-inducible ER stress, while activating p-AMPK.
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: beef tallow; diabetes; dyslipidemia; endoplasmic reticulum stress • n-6/n-3 ratio
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Fats)
      0 (Fatty Acids)
      97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol)
      98HPY76U4W (tallow)
      EC 2.7.11.31 (AMP-Activated Protein Kinases)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20220526 Date Completed: 20220620 Latest Revision: 20220620
    • Publication Date:
      20240105
    • Accession Number:
      10.1089/jmf.2022.K.0019
    • Accession Number:
      35617705