Effort-Reward Imbalance at Work and Prescription Drug Misuse-Prospective Evidence from Germany.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101238455 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1660-4601 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16604601 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Environ Res Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Basel : MDPI, c2004-
    • Subject Terms:
    • Abstract:
      This study examines how work stress affects the misuse of prescription drugs to augment mental performance without medical necessity (i.e., cognitive enhancement). Based on the effort-reward imbalance model, it can be assumed that a misalignment of effort exerted and rewards received increases prescription drug misuse, especially if employees overcommit. To test these assumptions, we conducted a prospective study using a nationwide web-based sample of the working population in Germany ( N = 11,197). Effort, reward, and overcommitment were measured at t 1 and the 12 month frequency of prescription drug misuse for enhancing cognitive performance was measured at a one-year follow-up ( t 2 ). The results show that 2.6% of the respondents engaged in such drug misuse, of which 22.7% reported frequent misuse. While we found no overall association between misuse frequency and effort, reward, or their imbalance, overcommitment was significantly associated with a higher misuse frequency. Moreover, at low levels of overcommitment, more effort and an effort-reward imbalance discouraged future prescription drug misuse, while higher overcommitment, more effort, and an imbalance increased it. These findings suggest that a stressful work environment is a risk factor for health-endangering behavior, and thereby underlines the importance of identifying groups at risk of misusing drugs.
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    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: cognitive enhancement; effort–reward imbalance; overcommitment; prescription drug misuse; stress
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20220709 Date Completed: 20220712 Latest Revision: 20220829
    • Publication Date:
      20240105
    • Accession Number:
      PMC9265319
    • Accession Number:
      10.3390/ijerph19137632
    • Accession Number:
      35805300