How deviations in the elemental profile of Humulus lupulus grown throughout the U.S. and Germany influence hop and beer quality.

Publisher: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7702639 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-7072 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03088146 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Food Chem Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: Barking : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers
Original Publication: Barking, Eng., Applied Science Publishers.

Humulus*; Beer/analysis ; Germany ; Odorants/analysis ; Plant Breeding

Recently studies based on limited sample sizes procured from minor hop growing regions have speculated that the elemental profile of hops can possibly be used to authenticate the origin of a hop because changes in hop elemental profiles were realted to growing region and that these changes might also be related to beer quality. To explore this further, 205 hop samples (i.e. 203 whole cone hops and 2 pelletized samples) compromised of 19 varieties were procured from the major hop growing regions (i.e. the U.S. and Germany). These hops were digested with microwave digestion and analyzed for 25 elements using ICP-MS. Hops from most of the U.S. regions (mainly WA) had vastly different elemental profiles than hops from Germany. German hops had significantly lower concentrations for most of the elements except for Cu and K. Interestingly, high alpha varieties had significantly different elemental profiles than varieties bred for aroma purposes. Dry-hopping trials were then performed in an ale and a lager with the hops that had significantly different elemental profiles. Although heavy metals were extracted from hops into beer, at the 5 g/L dry-hopping load used in this study, beer concentrations of these elements remained below regulated water quality standards set by Germany, the U.S., and Canada. Based on electron paramagnetic resonance, dry-hopping had an antioxidant impact on beer regardless of the original elemental profile of the hops which was correlated to hop polyphenol and α/ β - acid concentrations. Overall these results highlight that many factors including location have the potential to influence the elemental profile of hops and that changes in the elemental profiles of hops can be related to beer quality.
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Keywords: Dry hopping; Health and safety; Hop and beer quality; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); Multi-elemental profiling/fingerprinting; Oxidative stability; Ripening/maturity; Terroir/ regionality

Date Created: 20220716 Date Completed: 20220803 Latest Revision: 20220803

20240104

10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133543

35841736