Occurrence of multiple respiratory viruses in wastewater in Queensland, Australia: Potential for community disease surveillance.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0330500 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-1026 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00489697 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Total Environ Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: Amsterdam, Elsevier.
    • Subject Terms:
    • Abstract:
      The early warning and tracking of COVID-19 prevalence in the community provided by wastewater surveillance has highlighted its potential for much broader viral disease surveillance. In this proof-of-concept study, 46 wastewater samples from four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Queensland, Australia, were analyzed for the presence and abundance of 13 respiratory viruses, and the results were compared with reported clinical cases. The viruses were concentrated using the adsorption-extraction (AE) method, and extracted nucleic acids were analyzed using qPCR and RT-qPCR. Among the viruses tested, bocavirus (BoV), parechovirus (PeV), rhinovirus A (RhV A) and rhinovirus B (RhV B) were detected in all wastewater samples. All the tested viruses except influenza B virus (IBV) were detected in wastewater sample from at least one WWTP. BoV was detected with the greatest concentration (4.96-7.22 log 10 GC/L), followed by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (4.08-6.46 log 10 GC/L), RhV A (3.95-5.63 log 10 GC/L), RhV B (3.74-5.61 log 10 GC/L), and PeV (3.17-5.32 log 10 GC/L). Influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are notifiable conditions in Queensland, allowing the gene copy (GC) concentrations to be compared with reported clinical cases. Significant correlations (ρ = 0.60, p < 0.01 for IAV and ρ = 0.53, p < 0.01 for RSV) were observed when pooled wastewater influenza A virus (IAV) and RSV log 10 GC/L concentrations were compared to log 10 clinical cases among the four WWTP catchments. The positive predictive value for the presence of IAV and RSV in wastewater was 97 % for both IAV and RSV clinical cases within the four WWTP catchments. The overall accuracy of wastewater analysis for predicting clinical cases of IAV and RSV was 97 and 90 %, respectively. This paper lends credibility to the application of wastewater surveillance to monitor respiratory viruses of various genomic characteristics, with potential uses for increased surveillance capabilities and as a tool in understanding the dynamics of disease circulation in the communities.
      Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
      (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Public health; RT-qPCR; Respiratory viruses; Surveillance; Wastewater; qPCR
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Wastewater)
    • Subject Terms:
      Rhinovirus B; Rhinovirus A
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20221220 Date Completed: 20230126 Latest Revision: 20230310
    • Publication Date:
      20240104
    • Accession Number:
      PMC9759456
    • Accession Number:
      10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161023
    • Accession Number:
      36539100