PAYING FOR INFRINGEMENT: IMPLICATING CREDIT CARD NETWORKS IN SECONDARY TRADEMARK LIABILITY.

TRADEMARK infringement; FRONTLINE Processing Corp.; PERFECT 10 Inc.; CREDIT cards; LEGAL liability; VISA Inc.; MASTERCARD Inc.; ACTIONS & defenses (Law)

The article discusses lawsuits of trademark infringement concerning the credit card industry in the U.S., wherein particular focus is given on the cases involving Frontline Processing Corp. and Perfect 10 Inc. It states that almost 80 percent of retail transactions in the Internet use credit cards. Moreover, it explores the history of secondary liability in trademarks, the four-party networks of Visa Inc. and MasterCard Inc., and the decisions on the said cases.