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The Salmonella Mutagenicity Assay: The Stethoscope of Genetic Toxicology for the 21st Century.
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- Author(s): Claxton, Larry D. (AUTHOR); Umbuzeiro, Gisela de A. (AUTHOR); DeMarini, David M. (AUTHOR)
- Source:
Environmental Health Perspectives. Nov2010, Vol. 118 Issue 11, p1515-1522. 8p. 1 Graph. - Source:
- Additional Information
- Subject Terms:
- Subject Terms:
- Abstract: OBJECTIVES: According to the 2007 National Research Council report Toxicology for the Twenty-First Century, modern methods (e.g., "omics," in vitro assays, high-throughput testing, computational methods) will lead to the emergence of a new approach to toxicology. The Salmonella mammalian microsome mutagenicity assay has been central to the field of genetic toxicology since the 1970s. Here we document the paradigm shifts engendered by the assay, the validation and applications of the assay, and how the assay is a model for future in vitro toxicology assays. DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge using key words relevant to the Salmonella assay and additional genotoxicity assays. DATA EXTRACTIONS: We merged the citations, removing duplicates, and categorized the papers by year and topic. DATA SYNTHESIS: The Salmonella assay led to two paradigm shifts: that some carcinogens were mutagens and that some environmental samples (e.g., air, water, soil, food, combustion emissions) were mutagenic. Although there are > 10,000 publications on the Salmonella assay, covering tens of thousands of agents, data on even more agents probably exist in unpublished form, largely as proprietary studies by industry. The Salmonella assay is a model for the development of 21st century in vitro toxicology assays in terms of the establishment of standard procedures, ability to test various agents, transferability across laboratories, validation and testing, and structure-activity analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to a stethoscope as a first-line, inexpensive tool in medicine, the Salmonella assay can serve a similar, indispensable role in the foreseeable future of 21st century toxicology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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