Baltimore Teaches, Göttingen Learns: Cooperation, Competition, and the Research University.

HISTORY of educational change; EDUCATIONAL exchanges; GILMAN, Daniel Coit, 1831-1908; BUTLER, Nicholas Murray, 1862-1947; KLEIN, Felix, 1849-1925; LAMPRECHT, Karl, 1856-1915; INTELLECTUAL cooperation; HISTORY of universities & colleges; HISTORY; HISTORY of education

In the first decade of the twentieth century scholarly reformers around the world became newly aware that universities were assets that could be harnessed to achieve national economic and cultural goals. Yet universities remained local institutions, nested in the cities that benefited from—and contributed to—their success. Focusing on scholarly reformers in Germany and America, including Daniel Coit Gilman, Nicholas Murray Butler, Felix Klein, and Karl Lamprecht, this article shows how competition and cooperation developed among universities, in which scholarly managers negotiated often conflicting local, national, and international goals. In contrast to the classic story of the history of the research university, I reveal that educational models were transported not only from Germany to America, but also, nearly a decade before World War I, in the reverse direction. And in contrast to the recent “international” turn in the field, I argue that placing the university in a transatlantic framework reminds us that the local remains a critical ingredient in histories of knowledge exchange and globalization. The transnational story of these scholarly reformers and their institutions suggests that the “knowledge economy” has earlier roots than assumed, and those roots are the basis of contemporary questions concerning the university’s role in the wider world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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