БІОПОЛІТИКА І БІОВЛАДА: СУТНІСТЬ КОНЦЕПТІВ В СОЦІАЛЬНО-ФІЛОСОФСЬКИХ ВИМІРАХ. (Ukrainian)

BIOPOLITICS AND BIOPOWER: THE ESSENCE OF CONCEPTS IN SOCIAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL DIMENSIONS. (English)

Urgency of the research. In the contemporary social and philosophical space, the discussion around the phenomena of biopolitics and biopower becomes especially relevant given the events taking place in real social and political life. Taking into account that biopolitics and biopower are the result of multifaceted human activity, the most complex and dynamic forms of social and political communications, a set of technological practices and strategies with high innovative potential, it is necessary to analyze their specific features, manifestations and patterns. retrospective of the most important historical events, and in the coordinates of modern social processes. This leads to an expansion of the content of the concepts of "biopolitics" and "biopower", and, as a consequence, leads to the allocation of new areas of their conceptual and ideological understanding, both within specialized discourse and in the interdisciplinary field. Target setting. Traditionally, biopolitics is defined as a space of power relations, a pool of certain management decisions, power restrictions, regulations. But the real implementation of the concepts of biopolitics and biopower are in the context of the relevant historical and civilizational, social and cultural, political, environmental and technological conditions and challenges. Therefore, it is logical that there is a need to interpret these phenomena in view of their main social and political manifestations at different stages of development of society and under different conditions of functioning of its social institutions. Actual scientific analysis researches and issues analysis. Among the well-known foreign and domestic scientists who investigated the essence of biopolitics and the evolution of a biopolitical concept, we make an emphasis on the works: M. Foucault [9,10,11,12], A. Negro [6, 13], M. Hard [13], J. Agamben [1], V. Chechko [15], O. Kuz [15], S. Kostyuchkov [5], K. Alasania [2], N. Orleansky [7], A. Zhelnina [3], M. Kharkevich [14], P. Kasatkin [14], F. Zagirtdinova [4] and others. The research objectives. The main task of the article is to study the content of the author's concepts of biopolitics and biopower, starting with those that have already become classical and those under active development, expanding the semantic range of phenomena of biopolitics and biopower in modern social and philosophical discourse. Implement an attempt to clarify the phenomena of biopolitics and biopower through analysis of the impact of economic models, production processes, labor market, legal practices, moral and ethical factors, development of information, bio / medical technologies, using methods of comparative analysis of conceptual worldviews of different researchers. The statement of basic materials. The first definition of biopolitics M. Foucault offered in a series of his lectures on "It is necessary to protect society", which he gave to students at the Collège de France in 1975-1976. Under biopolitics, the scientist understood "a set of processes that include the proportion of births and deaths, the level of reproduction, population growth" [11, p. 257]. It should be noted that in M. Foucault's concept, biopolitics is meaningfully connected with biopower. Central to the concept of biopolitics (biopower) is the state, which provides the conditions for the reproduction of the population, supports its livelihoods and pursues policies in the health care system. Further conceptualization of the phenomena of biopolitics and biopower is due to the research efforts of J. Agamben, A. Negri and many other scientists. According to scholars, the power constructs of bourgeois society and capitalist relations of the late eighteenth century. - early XIX century ensured the socialization of the human body as a labor force and an element of the production process. Society's control over man began to be exercised not only through consciousness, ideology, "but also in the body and with the body." The human body has come to be seen as a biopolitical reality, and medicine with its technology as a political strategy. It should be noted that biopolitics (biopower) is a unique and extremely dynamic phenomenon that is undergoing constant transformation, which causes a constant expansion of the semantic range of biopolitics and biopower in modern social and philosophical discourse. Conclusion. The considered author's concepts of biopolitics and biopower provide an opportunity to understand the historical evolution of power institutions in the XVIII-XIX centuries. (gradual restriction of disciplinary power by the latest biopolitical practices) in the field of management of the biological context of human life, to find out how legal practices, economic modalities of capitalist production and social labor market, achievements of biological (medical) information technologies allow reprogramming and changing human life, as well as to identify new vectors and forms of biopolitical governance in the context of social and political transformations and technological challenges of modern society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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