[Toxicity effects of phthalate substitute plasticizers used in toys].

Publisher: Kokuritsu Iyakuhin Shokuhin Eisei Kenkyūjo, Kagaku Busshitsu Jōhōbu Country of Publication: Japan NLM ID: 9807834 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 1343-4292 (Print) Linking ISSN: 13434292 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Kokuritsu Iyakuhin Shokuhin Eisei Kenkyusho Hokoku Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Tōkyō : Kokuritsu Iyakuhin Shokuhin Eisei Kenkyūjo, Kagaku Busshitsu Jōhōbu, Heisei 9-nen [1997]-

Play and Playthings*; Phthalic Acids/*toxicity ; Plasticizers/*toxicity ; Polyvinyl Chloride/*toxicity; Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Dogs ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Kidney/drug effects ; Liver/drug effects ; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level ; Phthalic Acids/administration & dosage ; Phthalic Acids/chemistry ; Plasticizers/administration & dosage ; Polyvinyl Chloride/administration & dosage ; Polyvinyl Chloride/chemistry ; Rats ; Reproduction/drug effects ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Phthalate esters are widely used as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride products. Because of human health concerns, regulatory authorities in Japan, US, Europe and other countries control the use of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate and di-n-octyl phthalate for the toys that can be put directly in infants' mouths. While these regulatory actions will likely reduce the usage of phthalate esters, there is concern that other plasticizers that have not been sufficiently evaluated for safety will be used more frequently. We therefore collected and evaluated the toxicological information on di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT), 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester (DINCH), diisononyl adipate (DINA), 2,2,4-trimetyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB), tri-n-butyl citrate (TBC) and acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate (ATBC) which were detected at a relatively high frequency in toys. The collected data have shown that chronic exposure to DEHT affects the eye and nasal turbinate, and DINCH exerts effects on the thyroid and kidney in rats. DINA and TXIB have been reported to have hepatic and renal effects in dogs or rats, and ATBC slightly affected the liver in rats. The NOAELs for repeated dose toxicity are relatively low for DINCH (40 mg/kg bw/day) and TXIB (30 mg/kg bw/day) compared with DEHT, DINA and ATBC. DEHT, TXIB and ATBC have been reported to have reproductive/developmental effects at relatively high doses in rats. For DINA and TBC, available data are insufficient for assessing the hazards, and therefore, adequate toxicity studies should be conducted. In the present review, the toxicity information on 6 alternatives to phthalate plasticizers is summarized, focusing on the effects after oral exposure, which is the route of most concern.

0 (Phthalic Acids)
0 (Plasticizers)
6O7F7IX66E (phthalic acid)
9002-86-2 (Polyvinyl Chloride)

Date Created: 20121219 Date Completed: 20130918 Latest Revision: 20121218

20231215

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