Toward viewing behavior for aerial scene categorization.

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  • Author(s): Jiang C;Jiang C; Chen Z; Chen Z; Chen Z; Wolfe JM; Wolfe JM; Wolfe JM
  • Source:
    Cognitive research: principles and implications [Cogn Res Princ Implic] 2024 Mar 26; Vol. 9 (1), pp. 17. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 26.
  • Publication Type:
    Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Language:
    English
  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: SpringerOpen Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101697632 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2365-7464 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23657464 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cogn Res Princ Implic Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: 2017- : London : SpringerOpen
      Original Publication: [London] : Springer, [2016]-
    • Subject Terms:
      Visual Perception* ; Eye Movements*; Humans ; Photic Stimulation/methods ; Automation ; Records
    • Abstract:
      Previous work has demonstrated similarities and differences between aerial and terrestrial image viewing. Aerial scene categorization, a pivotal visual processing task for gathering geoinformation, heavily depends on rotation-invariant information. Aerial image-centered research has revealed effects of low-level features on performance of various aerial image interpretation tasks. However, there are fewer studies of viewing behavior for aerial scene categorization and of higher-level factors that might influence that categorization. In this paper, experienced subjects' eye movements were recorded while they were asked to categorize aerial scenes. A typical viewing center bias was observed. Eye movement patterns varied among categories. We explored the relationship of nine image statistics to observers' eye movements. Results showed that if the images were less homogeneous, and/or if they contained fewer or no salient diagnostic objects, viewing behavior became more exploratory. Higher- and object-level image statistics were predictive at both the image and scene category levels. Scanpaths were generally organized and small differences in scanpath randomness could be roughly captured by critical object saliency. Participants tended to fixate on critical objects. Image statistics included in this study showed rotational invariance. The results supported our hypothesis that the availability of diagnostic objects strongly influences eye movements in this task. In addition, this study provides supporting evidence for Loschky et al.'s (Journal of Vision, 15(6), 11, 2015) speculation that aerial scenes are categorized on the basis of image parts and individual objects. The findings were discussed in relation to theories of scene perception and their implications for automation development.
      (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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    • Grant Information:
      R01 CA207490 United States CA NCI NIH HHS; R01 EY017001 United States EY NEI NIH HHS; EY017001 United States EY NEI NIH HHS; CA207490 United States CA NCI NIH HHS
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Aerial image viewing; Eye movements; Image statistics; Scene categorization
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240326 Date Completed: 20240328 Latest Revision: 20240513
    • Publication Date:
      20240514
    • Accession Number:
      PMC10965882
    • Accession Number:
      10.1186/s41235-024-00541-1
    • Accession Number:
      38530617