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Costs and outcomes of "intermediate" vs "minimal" care for youth‐onset type 1 diabetes in six countries.
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- Author(s): Gregory, Gabriel A.; Guo, Jingchuan; Klatman, Emma L.; Ahmadov, Gunduz A.; Besançon, Stéphane; Gomez, Elizabeth D.; Fawwad, Asher; Ramaiya, Kaushik; Wijesuriya, Mahen A.; Orchard, Trevor J.; Ogle, Graham D.
- Source:
Pediatric Diabetes; Jun2020, Vol. 21 Issue 4, p628-636, 9p, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs- Subject Terms:
AGE factors in disease; BLOOD sugar monitoring; CHRONIC kidney failure; COST effectiveness; GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin; TYPE 1 diabetes; MEDICAL care costs; PROBABILITY theory; RISK assessment; SUBACUTE care; TREATMENT effectiveness; DISEASE incidence; STATISTICAL models; DISEASE complications; DISEASE risk factors - Source:
- Additional Information
- Subject Terms:
- Abstract: Objective: Data are needed to demonstrate that providing an "intermediate" level of type 1 diabetes (T1D) care is cost‐effective compared to "minimal" care in less‐resourced countries. We studied these care scenarios in six countries. Methods: We modeled the complications/costs/mortality/healthy life years (HLYs) associated with "intermediate" care including two blood glucose tests/day (mean HbA1c 9.0% [75 mmol/mol]) in three lower‐gross domestic product (GDP) countries (Mali, Tanzania, Pakistan), or three tests/day (mean HbA1c 8.5% [69 mmol/mol]) in three higher‐GDP countries (Bolivia, Sri Lanka, Azerbaijan); and compared findings to "minimal" care (mean HbA1c 12.5% [113 mmol/mol]). A discrete time Markov illness‐death model with age and calendar‐year‐dependent transition probabilities was developed, with inputs of 30 years of complications and Standardized Mortality Rate data from the youth cohort in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study, background mortality, and costs determined from international and local prices. Results: Cumulative 30 years incidences of complications were much lower for "intermediate care" than "minimal care", for example, for renal failure incidence was 68.1% (HbA1c 12.5%) compared to 3.9% (9%) and 2.4% (8.5%). For Mali, Tanzania, Pakistan, Bolivia, Sri Lanka, and Azerbaijan, 30 years survival was 50.1%/52.7%/76.7%/72.5%/82.8%/89.2% for "intermediate" and 8.5%/10.1%/39.4%/25.8%/45.5%/62.1% for "minimal" care, respectively. The cost of a HLY gained as a % GDP/capita was 141.1%/110.0%/52.3%/41.8%/17.0%/15.6%, respectively. Conclusions: Marked reductions in complications rates and mortality are achievable with "intermediate" T1D care achieving mean clinic HbA1c of 8.5% to 9% (69‐75 mmol/mol). This is also "very cost‐effective" in four of six countries according to the WHO "Fair Choices" approach which costs HLYs gained against GDP/capita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Abstract: Copyright of Pediatric Diabetes is the property of Hindawi Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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