Functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorder evaluated using rs-fMRI and DKI.

Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9110718 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1460-2199 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10473211 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cereb Cortex Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: New York, NY : Oxford University Press, c1991-

Autism Spectrum Disorder*/diagnostic imaging ; Autism Spectrum Disorder*/physiopathology ; Autism Spectrum Disorder*/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*/methods ; Brain*/diagnostic imaging ; Brain*/pathology ; Brain*/physiopathology; Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Young Adult ; Neural Pathways/diagnostic imaging ; Neural Pathways/physiopathology ; Neural Pathways/pathology ; White Matter/diagnostic imaging ; White Matter/pathology ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Adolescent ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods

We evaluated functional connectivity (FC) in patients with adult autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). We acquired rs-fMRI data from 33 individuals with ASD and 33 healthy controls (HC) and DKI data from 18 individuals with ASD and 17 HC. ASD showed attenuated FC between the right frontal pole (FP) and the bilateral temporal fusiform cortex (TFusC) and enhanced FC between the right thalamus and the bilateral inferior division of lateral occipital cortex, and between the cerebellar vermis and the right occipital fusiform gyrus (OFusG) and the right lingual gyrus, compared with HC. ASD demonstrated increased axial kurtosis (AK) and mean kurtosis (MK) in white matter (WM) tracts, including the right anterior corona radiata (ACR), forceps minor (FM), and right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). In ASD, there was also a significant negative correlation between MK and FC between the cerebellar vermis and the right OFusG in the corpus callosum, FM, right SLF and right ACR. Increased DKI metrics might represent neuroinflammation, increased complexity, or disrupted WM tissue integrity that alters long-distance connectivity. Nonetheless, protective or compensating adaptations of inflammation might lead to more abundant glial cells and cytokine activation effectively alleviating the degeneration of neurons, resulting in increased complexity. FC abnormality in ASD observed in rs-fMRI may be attributed to microstructural alterations of the commissural and long-range association tracts in WM as indicated by DKI.
(© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press.)

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2017-2023 Research Support Foundation; 26461757 Juntendo Institute of Mental Health

Keywords: autism spectrum disorder; cerebellum; diffusional kurtosis imaging; functional connectivity; rs-fMRI

Date Created: 20231127 Date Completed: 20240502 Latest Revision: 20240504

20240504

PMC11065111

10.1093/cercor/bhad451

38012112