Role of estrogen in sex differences in memory, emotion and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Publisher: Reidel Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0403234 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-4978 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03014851 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mol Biol Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Dordrecht, Boston, Reidel.

Autism Spectrum Disorder*/genetics ; Depressive Disorder, Major*/metabolism; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; Estrogens/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; Emotions

Estrogen regulates a wide range of neuronal functions in the brain, such as dendritic spine formation, remodeling of synaptic plasticity, cognition, neurotransmission, and neurodevelopment. Estrogen interacts with intracellular estrogen receptors (ERs) and membrane-bound ERs to produce its effect via genomic and non-genomic pathways. Any alterations in these pathways affect the number, size, and shape of dendritic spines in neurons associated with psychiatric diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that estrogen fluctuation causes changes in dendritic spine density, morphology, and synapse numbers of excitatory and inhibitory neurons differently in males and females. In this review, we discuss the role of estrogen hormone in rodents and humans based on sex differences. First, we explain estrogen role in learning and memory and show that a high estrogen level alleviates the deficits in learning and memory. Secondly, we point out that estrogen produces a striking difference in emotional memories in men and women, which leads them to display sex-specific differences in underlying neuronal signaling. Lastly, we discuss that fluctuations in estrogen levels in men and women are related to neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder (BPD), major depressive disorder (MDD), substance use disorder (SUD), and anxiety disorders.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

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32250410298 National Natural Science Foundation of China; SZGSP013 Shenzhen Fund for Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialties; KCXFZ20211020164543007, 20210617155253001 Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzen Municipality; 2021A1515012141 Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province

Keywords: Dendritic spines; Drug addiction; Estrogen; Memory

0 (Estrogens)

Date Created: 20240313 Date Completed: 20240314 Latest Revision: 20240314

20240314

10.1007/s11033-024-09374-z

38472517