An isotonic protein solution favorably modulated the porcine intestinal immune response and cellular adhesion markers and reduced PEDV shedding in vivo.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Elsevier Scientific Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8002006 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-2534 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01652427 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Vet Immunol Immunopathol Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: [Amsterdam] Elsevier Scientific.
    • Subject Terms:
      Virus Shedding* ; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus*/physiology ; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus*/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections*/veterinary ; Coronavirus Infections*/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections*/virology ; Swine Diseases*/virology ; Swine Diseases*/immunology; Animals ; Swine ; Fibronectins/metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism ; Cadherins/metabolism ; Intestines/immunology ; Intestines/virology ; Interferon-alpha/immunology ; Cell Adhesion ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
    • Abstract:
      Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes immensely large economic losses worldwide in the swine industry. PEDV attacks the intestine, disrupts intestinal epithelium morphology and barrier integrity, and results in profound diarrhea and high mortality. A commercially available isotonic protein solution (IPS) (Tonisity Px) has anecdotally been reported to be effective in supportive treatment of piglets with active PEDV infections. This study evaluated the effects of supplementing (or not) the drinking water of 14 day old PEDV-infected piglets with the IPS on the content of E-cadherin, fibronectin, interferon-alpha (IFN-α), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in duodenal tissue. The content of PEDV DNA in feces was also measured. Though both groups had similar PEDV shedding at day 1, IPS piglets had significantly lower PEDV shedding at day 5, 14 and 21. The IPS group also had a shorter duration of PEDV virus shedding. Levels of E-cadherin and fibronectin, both of which are structural proteins in the intestine, remained unchanged from baseline in the IPS group, whereas the same molecules decreased significantly in the control group. IFN-α, an antiviral cytokine, and MMP-9, an enzyme that aids in tissue remodeling, were increased at days 5 and 14 post infection, and then decreased at day 21 post-infection in the IPS group compared to control. Overall, the IPS used in this study enhanced epithelial intercellular adhesion (E-cadherin) and extracellular matrix structure (fibronectin), resulted in significantand favorable changes in MMP-9 activity, and favorably modulated IFN-α production. This is the first report of this panel of biomarkers, especially MMP-9 and IFN-α, in the face of in vivo PEDV infection. This is also the first report to investigate a commercially available swine product that does not need to be administered in solid feed, and that is already registered for use throughout Asia, Europe, South America, and North America. Overall, the results of this study serve to clarify the behavior of 4 key biomarkers in the presence of in vivo PEDV infection. The results also indicate that IPS (Tonisity Px) supplementation is a viable intervention to modulate the porcine intestinal immune response with favorable effects on the intestine.
      Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest S.G. Buzoianu and A. M. Firth are employees of Tonisity International. They had no participation in the field or laboratory phases of the study, or compilation of raw data. SGB performed the statistical analysis based on the data supplied and generated the results graphs. AMF served as the senior editor, given that the primary authors are not native-English speakers. The authors declare that they have no other known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.
      (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: PEDV; Tonisity; cell adhesion; intestinal barrier; isotonic
    • Accession Number:
      0 (Fibronectins)
      EC 3.4.24.35 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 9)
      0 (Cadherins)
      0 (Interferon-alpha)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240412 Date Completed: 20240427 Latest Revision: 20240427
    • Publication Date:
      20240428
    • Accession Number:
      10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110753
    • Accession Number:
      38608406