The C-terminus of the prototypical M2 muscarinic receptor localizes to the mitochondria and regulates cell respiration under stress conditions.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101183755 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1545-7885 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15449173 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS Biol Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science, [2003]-
    • Subject Terms:
      Cell Respiration* ; Mitochondria*/metabolism ; Receptor, Muscarinic M2*/metabolism ; Receptor, Muscarinic M2*/genetics; Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Cell Proliferation ; HEK293 Cells ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Oxygen Consumption ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Stress, Physiological
    • Abstract:
      Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are prototypical G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), members of a large family of 7 transmembrane receptors mediating a wide variety of extracellular signals. We show here, in cultured cells and in a murine model, that the carboxyl terminal fragment of the muscarinic M2 receptor, comprising the transmembrane regions 6 and 7 (M2tail), is expressed by virtue of an internal ribosome entry site localized in the third intracellular loop. Single-cell imaging and import in isolated yeast mitochondria reveals that M2tail, whose expression is up-regulated in cells undergoing integrated stress response, does not follow the normal route to the plasma membrane, but is almost exclusively sorted to the mitochondria inner membrane: here, it controls oxygen consumption, cell proliferation, and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by reducing oxidative phosphorylation. Crispr/Cas9 editing of the key methionine where cap-independent translation begins in human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), reveals the physiological role of this process in influencing cell proliferation and oxygen consumption at the endogenous level. The expression of the C-terminal domain of a GPCR, capable of regulating mitochondrial function, constitutes a hitherto unknown mechanism notably unrelated to its canonical signaling function as a GPCR at the plasma membrane. This work thus highlights a potential novel mechanism that cells may use for controlling their metabolism under variable environmental conditions, notably as a negative regulator of cell respiration.
      Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
      (Copyright: © 2024 Fasciani et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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    • Accession Number:
      0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
      0 (Receptor, Muscarinic M2)
      0 (CHRM2 protein, human)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240429 Date Completed: 20240514 Latest Revision: 20240603
    • Publication Date:
      20240604
    • Accession Number:
      PMC11093360
    • Accession Number:
      10.1371/journal.pbio.3002582
    • Accession Number:
      38683874