What is a processing speed weakness? Importance of cognitive ability when defining processing speed in a child psychiatric population.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: Routledge Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9512515 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1744-4136 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09297049 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Child Neuropsychol Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Publication: 2013- : London : Routledge
      Original Publication: Lisse, The Netherlands : Swets & Zeitlinger, c1995-
    • Subject Terms:
      Academic Performance* ; Cognition*; Adolescent ; Child ; Family ; Humans ; Psychopathology
    • Abstract:
      There is growing evidence that processing speed (PS) deficits in youth with neuropsychiatric conditions are associated with functional difficulties. However, there is no consistent definition of slower PS; specifically, whether slower PS should be defined as a discrepancy from same-aged peers (normative weakness) or as an intrapersonal deficit relative to overall cognitive ability (relative weakness). In a sample of clinically-referred youth, we calculated slower PS both ways and examined the impact on adaptive, academic, and psychopathology outcomes in relation to different levels of cognitive ability. Significant PS x cognitive ability interactions were found on adaptive and academic outcomes. A norm-based weakness in PS (PSI Standard Score <85) was associated with lower adaptive skills and lower academic skills regardless of cognitive ability. In the above average cognitive ability group, relatively lower PS (PSI > 15 point difference from VCI) was associated with significantly lower academic performance. No significant associations were found for general psychopathology. Results suggest a normative weakness in PS impacts functional outcomes interactively and differently with level of general cognitive ability. Data suggest that higher cognitive ability may be somewhat protective from the impact of normatively weak PS on adaptive outcomes; however, youth across all abilities with normatively weak PS showed weaker academic performance. Second, children with high cognitive abilities and relatively weak PS showed discrepant performance compared to comparison group. Implications and areas for future research are discussed.
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    • Grant Information:
      R01 MH116037 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Processing speed; academic performance; adaptive skills; cognitive ability; learning disability
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20210921 Date Completed: 20220127 Latest Revision: 20230202
    • Publication Date:
      20231215
    • Accession Number:
      PMC9284538
    • Accession Number:
      10.1080/09297049.2021.1972957
    • Accession Number:
      34544318