A new causal centrality measure reveals the prominent role of subcortical structures in the causal architecture of the extended default mode network.

Publisher: Springer-Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 101282001 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1863-2661 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 18632653 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Brain Struct Funct Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Berlin : Springer-Verlag, c2007-

Default Mode Network* ; Brain*; Humans ; Bayes Theorem ; Healthy Volunteers

Network representation has been an incredibly useful concept for understanding the behavior of complex systems in social sciences, biology, neuroscience, and beyond. Network science is mathematically founded on graph theory, where nodal importance is gauged using measures of centrality. Notably, recent work suggests that the topological centrality of a node should not be over-interpreted as its dynamical or causal importance in the network. Hence, identifying the influential nodes in dynamic causal models (DCM) remains an open question. This paper introduces causal centrality for DCM, a dynamics-sensitive and causally-founded centrality measure based on the notion of intervention in graphical models. Operationally, this measure simplifies to an identifiable expression using Bayesian model reduction. As a proof of concept, the average DCM of the extended default mode network (eDMN) was computed in 74 healthy subjects. Next, causal centralities of different regions were computed for this causal graph, and compared against several graph-theoretical centralities. The results showed that the subcortical structures of the eDMN were more causally central than the cortical regions, even though the graph-theoretical centralities unanimously favored the latter. Importantly, model comparison revealed that only the pattern of causal centrality was causally relevant. These results are consistent with the crucial role of the subcortical structures in the neuromodulatory systems of the brain, and highlight their contribution to the organization of large-scale networks. Potential applications of causal centrality-to study causal models of other neurotypical and pathological functional networks-are discussed, and some future lines of research are outlined.
(© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

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Keywords: Bayesian model reduction; Causality; Centrality; Default mode network; Directed cyclic graph; Dynamic causal model; Intervention; Subcortical

130817-79-7 (1-ethynyl-2,7-dimethoxynaphthalene)

Date Created: 20230901 Date Completed: 20230925 Latest Revision: 20230925

20240513

10.1007/s00429-023-02697-w

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