Survival of highly related ESBL- and pAmpC- producing Escherichia coli in broiler farms identified before and after cleaning and disinfection using cgMLST.

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  • Additional Information
    • Source:
      Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100966981 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2180 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712180 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE
    • Publication Information:
      Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-
    • Subject Terms:
      beta-Lactamases*/genetics ; beta-Lactamases*/metabolism ; Chickens*/microbiology ; Escherichia coli*/genetics ; Escherichia coli*/drug effects ; Escherichia coli*/isolation & purification ; Disinfection*/methods ; Bacterial Proteins*/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins*/metabolism ; Farms*; Animals ; Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary ; Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology ; Escherichia coli Infections/transmission ; Poultry Diseases/microbiology ; Poultry Diseases/prevention & control ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Phylogeny ; Plasmids/genetics ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Whole Genome Sequencing
    • Abstract:
      Background: Broiler chickens are frequently colonized with Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase- (ESBL-) and plasmid mediated AmpC Beta-Lactamase- (pAmpC-) producing Enterobacterales, and we are confronted with the potential spread of these resistant bacteria in the food chain, in the environment, and to humans. Research focused on identifying of transmission routes and investigating potential intervention measures against ESBL- and pAmpC- producing bacteria in the broiler production chain. However, few data are available on the effects of cleaning and disinfection (C&D) procedures in broiler stables on ESBL- and pAmpC- producing bacteria.
      Results: We systematically investigated five broiler stables before and after C&D and identified potential ESBL- and pAmpC- colonization sites after C&D in the broiler stables, including the anteroom and the nearby surrounding environment of the broiler stables. Phenotypically resistant E. coli isolates grown on MacConkey agar with cefotaxime were further analyzed for their beta-lactam resistance genes and phylogenetic groups, as well as the relation of isolates from the investigated stables before and after C&D by whole genome sequencing. Survival of ESBL- and pAmpC- producing E. coli is highly likely at sites where C&D was not performed or where insufficient cleaning was performed prior to disinfection. For the first time, we showed highly related ESBL-/pAmpC- producing E. coli isolates detected before and after C&D in four of five broiler stables examined with cgMLST. Survival of resistant isolates in investigated broiler stables as well as transmission of resistant isolates from broiler stables to the anteroom and surrounding environment and between broiler farms was shown. In addition, enterococci (frequently utilized to detect fecal contamination and for C&D control) can be used as an indicator bacterium for the detection of ESBL-/pAmpC- E. coli after C&D.
      Conclusion: We conclude that C&D can reduce ESBL-/pAmpC- producing E. coli in conventional broiler stables, but complete ESBL- and pAmpC- elimination does not seem to be possible in practice as several factors influence the C&D outcome (e.g. broiler stable condition, ESBL-/pAmpC- status prior to C&D, C&D procedures used, and biosecurity measures on the farm). A multifactorial approach, combining various hygiene- and management measures, is needed to reduce ESBL-/pAmpC- E. coli in broiler farms.
      (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Escherichia coli; Broiler chicken; Cleaning and disinfection; ESBL; Intervention; Transmission; Whole genome sequencing; pAmpC
    • Accession Number:
      EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases)
      EC 3.5.2.6 (AmpC beta-lactamases)
      0 (Bacterial Proteins)
      0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
    • Publication Date:
      Date Created: 20240425 Date Completed: 20240426 Latest Revision: 20240429
    • Publication Date:
      20240429
    • Accession Number:
      PMC11044539
    • Accession Number:
      10.1186/s12866-024-03292-7
    • Accession Number:
      38664628