Los balleneros anglonorteamericanos y la apertura comercial del Pacífico sur a fines de la época colonial (1790-1820).

Anglo-American whalers and trade liberalization in the South Pacific in the late colonial period 1790-1820.

WHALING -- History; HISTORY of foreign trade regulation; HISTORY of free trade; FREE trade; INTERNATIONAL trade; MONOPOLIES; WHALING; FISHERY laws; HISTORY of fisheries; COMMERCIAL treaties; BRITISH Americans; NINETEENTH century; ECONOMICS; HISTORY; COMMERCE

PERU; LATIN America

At the end of the colonial period, the Spanish monopoly in southern Pacific America collapsed and was replaced by a de facto opening to international commerce. Some authors suggest that this process by which foreign commerce began to dominate local commerce had its origin in the late reforms of imperial commerce (such as the 1796 decree allowing for commerce with neutral nations) or in the Latin American revolutionary war. This article will argue that the collapse of the monopoly was a product of the concession of the rights of navigation to whaling ships from England and the United States as a result of the fishing agreements of 1790 and 1795, which brought about a relaxing of controls over the entrance of foreign ships to the Peruvian and Chilean coast. In this line of research we will explore the economic and political connotations of the Anglo-American trafficking in whales at the beginning of the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fines del periodo colonial, el monopolio español en el Pacífico sur entró en colapso y fue sustituido por una apertura «de facto» al comercio internacional. Algunos autores sugieren que este proceso de extranjerización del tráfico mercantil tuvo su origen en las reformas tardías del comercio imperial (como el decreto de comercio con neutrales de 1796) o en la guerra revolucionaria latinoamericana. Este artículo postula, más bien, que la ruptura del sistema monopólico fue producto de la concesión de derechos de navegación a barcos balleneros de Inglaterra y Estados Unidos vía los tratados de pesca de 1790 y 1795, lo cual relajó los controles al ingreso de naves extranjeras al litoral peruano y chileno. A lo largo de esta investigación, exploramos las connotaciones económicas y políticas del tráfico ballenero anglonorteamericano a inicios del siglo XIX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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